The Origin of Asian and Chinese Gangs in
Chicago's Chinatown

C., Richard. Spotlight in Asian Organized Crime. Search International Historic Chicago Organized Crime Files.

Che, Wai-Kin. "The Triad Societies in Hong Kong in the 1990's." The International Review of Police Development. 1990.

Droel, William. Historic Chinatown and Bridgeport: The New Synergism. Institute of Urban Live. Chicago: 1995.

Fuk, Peter Ip Pau, Chief Inspector of Hong Kong Police. Organized Crime in Hong Kong. Organized Crime and 21st Century Seminar. 26 June, 1999.

Granger, Bill. "The Other Chinatown: A Close-Knit Neighborhood Where Some of the Old Ways Live On," Chicago Sun-Times. 10 October, 1977.

Goldsea. Is Chicago the Most Underrated City for Asian Americans? Goldsea Asian Air Forum. 9 May, 2002. <http://www.goldsea.com>

Grant, Amy. Rising Gang Violence Result of "Turf Wars." Emergency News SVC. 1992.

Kians, Harry. Chicago's Chinatown. Institute of China Studies. Lincolnwood: 1992.

Kodluboy, Donald W., Asian Youth Gangs: Basic Issues for Educators. National Alliance of Gang Investigators Associations. 1996. <http://www.nagia.org/asian_youth_gangs1.htm>

Mahlmann, Ph. D, Ning-Ning. Chinese Criminal Enterprises: A Study of Current FBI Asian Criminal Enterprise Investigations in the United States. Asian Criminal Enterprises. <http://usinfo.state.gov/regional/ea/chinaaliens/ningning.htm>

Potter, Gary W. Transnational Criminal Organizations: Chinese. Unit #11 International Criminal Organizations. <http://www.policestudies.eku.edu/POTTER/crj401_11.htm>

RCMP. Understanding Asian Organized Crime. RCMP-Learning Site. 7 May, 1998. <http://111.rcmp-learning.org/docs/ecdd0054.htm>

Touhy, John William. The Mayor of Chinatown and the Shade of Battles to Come. American Mafia.com: Feature Articles. February 2001. <http://www.americannmafia.com/Feature_Articles_116.html>